What psychological disorder is characterized by sudden unexpected surges in anxiety with physical symptoms such as increased heartbeat and shortness of breath?

• A. Panic Disorder
• B. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• C. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
• D. Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer: (A)

Panic Disorder is characterized by sudden and recurring episodes of intense fear or discomfort known as panic attacks. During these panic attacks, individuals experience a range of physical symptoms, including increased heartbeat, shortness of breath, sweating, trembling, and feelings of impending doom. These panic attacks can occur unexpectedly, which is a defining feature of this disorder.

In contrast, Generalized Anxiety Disorder involves a more chronic and persistent state of worry and anxiety across various aspects of life, rather than episodic panic attacks. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder typically arises following a traumatic event and has distinct symptoms related to reliving the trauma and heightened arousal, rather than sudden bouts of anxiety. Social Anxiety Disorder involves intense fear or anxiety about social situations, but does not generally manifest through the physical symptoms described in panic attacks. Thus, Panic Disorder specifically encapsulates the experience of sudden surges in anxiety paired with acute physical symptoms.